Hedayat Alavitabaar
Volume 3, Issue 2 , April 2015, Pages 1-23
Abstract
‘God’ and the correlating ideas are of great importance in Nietzsche’s philosophy. However, his way of considering these concepts is completely different from other thinkers. He, unlike others, does not employ traditional philosophical argumentations to approve his claim; instead appealing ...
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‘God’ and the correlating ideas are of great importance in Nietzsche’s philosophy. However, his way of considering these concepts is completely different from other thinkers. He, unlike others, does not employ traditional philosophical argumentations to approve his claim; instead appealing to abstract argumentations irrelevant to the reality, he uses the methods which is resulted from his concrete look to the era he lives in. His conflicting exposition in this context, ‘the death of God’, leads to many different and sometimes contradictory interpretations. ‘The death of God’ is the subject and also the basis of his ideas, so that his other ideas such as ‘Nihilism’ and ‘Superhuman’ are shaped quite in relation to it. In this paper, we attempt to explain Nietzsche’s position on the idea of “God” and outline his concerns after the phenomenon “the death of God”, as he calls.
morteza pouyan; Mohammad saeedimehr; Reza Akbarian; mohammad ali hojjati
Volume 3, Issue 2 , April 2015, Pages 25-35
Abstract
Meanwhile Agha Ali Hakim was writing his interpretation on Asfar, wrote a thesis in which he presented a reading of ontological argument which he called creative and unique in the world of Islam and among Hekmat-E- Motealie’ s followers. He presented the reading through four considerations from ...
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Meanwhile Agha Ali Hakim was writing his interpretation on Asfar, wrote a thesis in which he presented a reading of ontological argument which he called creative and unique in the world of Islam and among Hekmat-E- Motealie’ s followers. He presented the reading through four considerations from reality of being; if the reality of being, he says, considered 1. by itself; 2. conditioned by absoluteness; 3. conditioned by no condition; 4. purity of a being, we can prove God: because when reality of being be considered by each of these four consideration, we cannot suppose a principle for it; since it leads to circular argument or infinite chain argumentation, and an existent that has no principle, is God only. While we review his reading of the ontological argument, will deal with this problem that by which one of those considerations his argument is complete and by which one is incomplete.
Amirhossein Khodaparast; Ghazaleh Hojjati
Volume 3, Issue 2 , April 2015, Pages 37-52
Abstract
Open-mindedness appears at the top of nearly every list of intellectual virtues presented by virtue epistemologists. This virtue reveals its moral- intellectual value, at least, at three levels; first, it can be useful in resolving intellectual conflicts and dissonances. Second, it can improve the evaluation ...
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Open-mindedness appears at the top of nearly every list of intellectual virtues presented by virtue epistemologists. This virtue reveals its moral- intellectual value, at least, at three levels; first, it can be useful in resolving intellectual conflicts and dissonances. Second, it can improve the evaluation and the assessment of rational claims and finally, it is necessary for the understanding of those claims. The believer, who has the merit of this intellectual virtue, can hope for being in a better position to have the other virtues like intellectual fairness, honesty, impartiality, patience, sympathy, creativity and autonomy and to reach to their end, i.e. conscientious and virtuous belief. Being well-equipped with the virtue of open-mindedness is determining for the religion followers. While it seems that religious beliefs and commitments are impediments to achieving open-mindedness due to their substantial ties with follower’s selves, it is the tint of the virtue and its corollaries that make the character and the beliefs of the followers conscientious and virtuous. Furthermore, the narratives, which arise from the scriptures and the lives of intellectual and moral exemplars in theistic religions, admire the character of a believer who takes and maintains his beliefs open-mindedly. Therefore, it seems that according to virtue approach to justification of religious belief, open-mindedness and the other relevant virtues have a fundamental role in the belief justification.
Amirabbas Alizamani; batul zarkande
Volume 3, Issue 2 , April 2015, Pages 53-72
Abstract
In recent decades, many philosophers of religion have tried to address instances in order to prove the argument of Gratuitous Evil. One of these examples is the divine concealment which presented first time by John L. Schellenberg as an argument against theism. Based on the argument, in spite of that ...
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In recent decades, many philosophers of religion have tried to address instances in order to prove the argument of Gratuitous Evil. One of these examples is the divine concealment which presented first time by John L. Schellenberg as an argument against theism. Based on the argument, in spite of that many of God’s servants want honestly and insistently to observe or perceive Him somehow, He denies giving them some signs of his existence and continues to his hiddenness. Schellenberg claims that if God exists then there is no justification to his hiddenness since through his appearance he can bring about His servant’s salvation and happiness. Our question in this paper is whether the concealment of God can be seen as an instant of evil? Is there really no excuse for hiding God?
Hamidreza Ayatollahy; Hossein Shoorvazi
Volume 3, Issue 2 , April 2015, Pages 73-88
Abstract
From this fact that carbon-based life requires the laws of physics and the threshold conditions, the fine-tuning argument concludes that this assumption that the world has ordered by God is more probable than other assumptions. Sober opposes and argues that the precise tuning between the physical laws ...
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From this fact that carbon-based life requires the laws of physics and the threshold conditions, the fine-tuning argument concludes that this assumption that the world has ordered by God is more probable than other assumptions. Sober opposes and argues that the precise tuning between the physical laws is exposed to our observation selection effect.The purpose of this study is to evaluate fine-tuning argument and the anthropic objection of Sober, and also the responses which have presented to this objection.
Abouzar nourozi; reza berenjkar
Volume 3, Issue 2 , April 2015, Pages 89-109
Abstract
The problem of evil is one of the most important and well-known theological and philosophical issues which most of religions have dealt with it and philosophers of religions have addressed this issue through a new look. This article through propositional analysis, reviews the Mulla Sadra and Leibniz's ...
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The problem of evil is one of the most important and well-known theological and philosophical issues which most of religions have dealt with it and philosophers of religions have addressed this issue through a new look. This article through propositional analysis, reviews the Mulla Sadra and Leibniz's views on the problem. Due to circumstances of time, Mulla Sadra expressed his views on the issue with a traditional approach, but Leibniz is discussed it with traditional and also new approaches. The Foundations of Sadra and Leibniz and their original solutions to the problem are the same. Among the solutions that these two philosophers have addressed, the old and controversial solution, that evil is absence and really doesn’t exist, is shared. In general, their solutions do not have a basic coherency, because in one solution they deny the existence of evil, while the precondition of their other solutions is the existence of evil.
