Document Type : Original Article

Authors

• Azam Qasemi ¹
• Arya Yoonesi ²

¹ Assistant Professor, Department of Theology and Philosophy of Religion, Institute of Humanities

² Researcher at the Institute of Humanities and Cultural Studies

Abstract

Farabi in his book, Ihsa Al-Olum, distinguished between two approaches of Kalam (theology): ‎discursive and non-discursive. In the following period, the discursive Kalam overcame the non-‎discursive and became a theological approach which is characterize as philosophical theology. ‎Hereafter, occurred a kind of dialogue and understanding between Islamic philosophers and ‎theologians. Fakhr is the one who established philosophical Kalam and this Kalam culminated in ‎Nasir Al-Din Tusi’s philosophical theology. The basic traits of this new theology are: adopting ‎logic as the method of reasoning; bringing and discussing philosophical issues into Kalam; ‎defending and illuminating religious beliefs from a philosophical or scientific point of view. In ‎present paper we have discussed milieu, historical conditions and the ways in which this ‎important change happened based on what Ibn Khaldun took into account, because the thesis is ‎of history of idea.

Keywords

• Philosophical Theology
• theology (Kalam)
• philosophy
• Logic
• Fakhr e Razi
• reasoning‎