sara baghdadi,; seyed amir akrami,
Volume 9, Issue 2 , January 2020, , Pages 121-141
Abstract
Contemporary philosopher Eleanor Stump, as a theist, sets a defense against the problem of suffering. According to her defense, first, Suffering is a necessary condition for the realization of some good; second, that good violates the suffering. The scientific concern which is followed in this article ...
Read More
Contemporary philosopher Eleanor Stump, as a theist, sets a defense against the problem of suffering. According to her defense, first, Suffering is a necessary condition for the realization of some good; second, that good violates the suffering. The scientific concern which is followed in this article is the assessment of stump’s defense. In this regard first of all, it is necessary to explain the defense and then the critique of the idea will be done from two general perspectives. First, expressing the characteristics of a successful defense and conditions for its realization shows that stump’s defense does not have the properties of such defense. The second general critique of her theory is that according to the origins of a voluntary act, suffering cannot be the source of faith. Eventually, the fact that the concept of free will in its libertarian sense has been violated in Stump’s defense, is an issue that we will address as an appendix to the discussion.
mohammadmahdi amosoltani; masuod azarbayejani
Volume 7, Issue 1 , January 2018, , Pages 111-136
Abstract
Property emergentism as a new and advanced theory than materialism and physicalism and having more correspondent with sciences such as physics, neurology and biology, in spite of the acceptance of mental states, powers and casuality denies the immaterial subestance of soul / mind , and ultimately depends ...
Read More
Property emergentism as a new and advanced theory than materialism and physicalism and having more correspondent with sciences such as physics, neurology and biology, in spite of the acceptance of mental states, powers and casuality denies the immaterial subestance of soul / mind , and ultimately depends the mind and mental states to the body and its components and functions as a hole; that means it considers mental states as dependent properties on the interactions of the nervous system and the network components . These emergentists are classified into two group in considering free will: some see it as an emergent property and as a character of the whole nervous system and body parts network , but the other denies free will despite their accepting other mental and subjective properties . But we can provide intellectual reasons and scientific evidence on the rejection of both view and then we review and criticize these property emergentist views and prove existence of immaterial soul/mind through the existence of free will.
Amirabbas Alizamani; batul zarkande
Volume 3, Issue 2 , April 2015, , Pages 53-72
Abstract
In recent decades, many philosophers of religion have tried to address instances in order to prove the argument of Gratuitous Evil. One of these examples is the divine concealment which presented first time by John L. Schellenberg as an argument against theism. Based on the argument, in spite of that ...
Read More
In recent decades, many philosophers of religion have tried to address instances in order to prove the argument of Gratuitous Evil. One of these examples is the divine concealment which presented first time by John L. Schellenberg as an argument against theism. Based on the argument, in spite of that many of God’s servants want honestly and insistently to observe or perceive Him somehow, He denies giving them some signs of his existence and continues to his hiddenness. Schellenberg claims that if God exists then there is no justification to his hiddenness since through his appearance he can bring about His servant’s salvation and happiness. Our question in this paper is whether the concealment of God can be seen as an instant of evil? Is there really no excuse for hiding God?
Zahra Mahmoud Kelayeh; Reza Akbarian; Mohammad Sa’idi Mehr; reza akbari
Volume 2, Issue 1 , January 2013, , Pages 87-104
Abstract
It can be said that Augustine's cardinal problem in his whole intellectual life was finding an answer to the crucial question that what had made attaining happiness for human being so difficult or even impossible. Augustine's answer was sin. Having this answer in mind, he attempted to find a solution ...
Read More
It can be said that Augustine's cardinal problem in his whole intellectual life was finding an answer to the crucial question that what had made attaining happiness for human being so difficult or even impossible. Augustine's answer was sin. Having this answer in mind, he attempted to find a solution for achieving happiness and truth by using two fundamental principles: faith and grace. However, his solution could nothave been successful because of his belief in the original sin doctrine. According to Augustine, faith and grace are connected to human beings' free will, but this free will is affected by the original sin and, thus, prefers evil to good. If this is so, then how human beings can receive faith or grace which require voluntarily preferring good to evil? It seems that there is much vagueness in Augustine's solution. Authors of this paper seek to explain this vagueness using descriptive and analytic methods
