Document Type : Original Article
Authors
1 PhD student in the field of Islamic mysticism, Islamic Azad University, Department of Science and Research, Tehran, IranIslamic Azad University: Sciences and research Branch
2 Irfan Associate Professor, Philosophy Research Institute, Humanities and Cultural Studies Research Institute, Tehran, IranFaculty of philosophical studies and history of science
3 Associate Professor of Philosophy, Faculty of Philosophy, University of Religions and Religions, Qom, IranAssistant Professor, University of Religions and Religions
4 Associate Professor, Department of Islamic Studies, Faculty of Theology and Islamic Studies, Ferdowsi University, Mashhad, Iran
Abstract
The problem of evil has occupied the human mind for a long time and thinkers have tried to answer it in many different ways. These ways are sometimes proposed to prevent the feeling of atheism or despair towards the creator of the universe and sometimes to reduce suffering or anxiety in life. In the tradition of Islamic mysticism, Ibn َArabi, who is the founder of the Akbari school, has provided a solution in this field based on his own mystical principles, namely, Nizam Ahsan, the system of divine names and attributes, fixed entities, and the personal unity of existence. In this article, we are trying to discover and reconstruct Ibn Arabi's answer in this context about the problem of evil based on the existential interpretation, based on these mystical foundations and with regard to contemporary approaches in the philosophy of religion. Based on this solution, from Ibn Arabi's point of view, evil is a relative matter and bound to the determinations and capabilities of the existing phenomena, and since according to the names of divine goodness, the whole system is good, and according to the theory of personal unity of existence, the truth of existence is unique to God. Giving meaning and consolation becomes possible with the presence of God.
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