Mahdi Saatchi; Mohammad Sa’idi Mehr; rasoul rasoulipour
Abstract
According to the Abrahamic religions, God is the absolute Ultimate reality. Metaphysical necessity confronts us with truths that are absolutely necessary and do not seem to say anything about God, such as "water = H2O". Here we encounter the Euthyphro dilemma, but not in the realm of ethics but in the ...
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According to the Abrahamic religions, God is the absolute Ultimate reality. Metaphysical necessity confronts us with truths that are absolutely necessary and do not seem to say anything about God, such as "water = H2O". Here we encounter the Euthyphro dilemma, but not in the realm of ethics but in the realm of metaphysics; Are the necessary truths true because God has affirms them or God has affirms them because they themselves are true? In the first case, the absolute necessity of necessary truths is challenged, and in the second case, the absolute sovereignty and ultimacy of God is challenged. The main answer of the theologians to resolve this conflict is to base the necessary truths on the essence of God. Brian Leftow criticizes this approach, which he calls the "Deity theory," and argues that accepting these theories for all necessary truths requires the dependence of the divine essence on truths that are not about God and are merely about creatures. This article critically explains and analyzes Leftow's view.
Fatemeh Rafati; Mohammad Sa’idi Mehr
Abstract
The Privation Theory of Evil (PT) is a general theory about the nature of evil according to which all kinds of evil have a privative (or negative) nature. During the Middle Ages some great philosopher-theologians such as Augustine and Aquinas endorsed (PT). After being neglected for a long time, recently ...
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The Privation Theory of Evil (PT) is a general theory about the nature of evil according to which all kinds of evil have a privative (or negative) nature. During the Middle Ages some great philosopher-theologians such as Augustine and Aquinas endorsed (PT). After being neglected for a long time, recently philosophers of religion have shown interest (PT). In this paper, after a brief review of Augustine’s and Aquinas’ views, we first provide a comprehensive sketch of (PT). Then we examine some of the arguments proposed in favour of (PT) and show that they are not conclusive. Then we discuss two counterexamples proposed by the opponents of (PT), namely pain and moral evil. First, we investigate and critique the views of the two sides and then we argue that the main deficiency of the current debate is the philosophers of religion don’t utilities the relevant theories of philosophy of mind and ethics to illustrate their philosophical grounds. Without clarification of these grounds any well-based judgment about (PT) seems to be impossible.
Hossein Shoorvazi; Mohammad Sa’idi Mehr; Azam Qasemi; Reza Maahoozi
Volume 7, Issue 2 , February 2018, , Pages 103-127
Abstract
The issue of the nature of God's knowledge is one of the problems that have long been caused by the minds of thinkers and intellectuals. In the philosophy of contemporary religion, William Alston deals with the nature of God's science. Is it possible to say that God's science is the same as honest belief? ...
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The issue of the nature of God's knowledge is one of the problems that have long been caused by the minds of thinkers and intellectuals. In the philosophy of contemporary religion, William Alston deals with the nature of God's science. Is it possible to say that God's science is the same as honest belief? In Islamic philosophy, science is divided into two categories: the science of presence and acquired knowledge. What is the wisdom of God in the two things? Attractive science or presence? In this article, after expressing the theory of Alston and Sheikh Ishraq on the knowledge of God, we consider the theory that these two thinkers have somewhat a common view of the science of God after creation. Alstoun's direct intuition theory and the addition of Ishroikah Suhrawardi are two interpretations of one view. Alston's direct intuition theory means that God directly watts the world and therefore has that science.In this paper, it has been attempted to examine the views of these two thinkers on the nature of God's science by examining the views of William Alston and Sheikh Ishraq, and explain their differences and similarities in this regard.
Zahra Mahmoud Kelayeh; Reza Akbarian; Mohammad Sa’idi Mehr; reza akbari
Volume 2, Issue 1 , January 2013, , Pages 87-104
Abstract
It can be said that Augustine's cardinal problem in his whole intellectual life was finding an answer to the crucial question that what had made attaining happiness for human being so difficult or even impossible. Augustine's answer was sin. Having this answer in mind, he attempted to find a solution ...
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It can be said that Augustine's cardinal problem in his whole intellectual life was finding an answer to the crucial question that what had made attaining happiness for human being so difficult or even impossible. Augustine's answer was sin. Having this answer in mind, he attempted to find a solution for achieving happiness and truth by using two fundamental principles: faith and grace. However, his solution could nothave been successful because of his belief in the original sin doctrine. According to Augustine, faith and grace are connected to human beings' free will, but this free will is affected by the original sin and, thus, prefers evil to good. If this is so, then how human beings can receive faith or grace which require voluntarily preferring good to evil? It seems that there is much vagueness in Augustine's solution. Authors of this paper seek to explain this vagueness using descriptive and analytic methods
